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The First Crusade, 1095 – 1099
The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the dual goals of liberating the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslims and freeing the Eastern Christians from Muslim rule. Read more…
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The People's Crusade, 1096
The People's Crusade is part of the First Crusade and lasted roughly six months from April 1096 to October. It is also known as the Popular Crusade, Peasants' Crusade, or the Paupers' Crusade. Read more…
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The German Crusade of 1096
The German Crusade of 1096 was the part of the First Crusade in which peasant crusaders from France and Germany attacked Jewish communities. Although anti-Semitism had existed in Europe for centuries, this is the first record of an organized mass pogrom. Read more…
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The Princes' Crusade, 1096
The Princes' Crusade, also known as the Barons' Crusade, occurred during the First Crusade in the year 1096, but in a more orderly manner, and was led by various nobles with bands of knights from different regions of Europe. Read more…
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The Crusade of 1101
The Crusade of 1101 was a minor crusade of three separate movements, organized in 1100 and 1101 in the successful aftermath of the First Crusade. It is also called the Crusade of the Faint-Hearted due to the number of participants who joined this crusade after having turned back from the First Crusade. Read more…
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The Second Crusade, 1145 – 1149
The Second Crusade was the second major crusade launched from Europe, called in 1145 in response to and for any the fall of the County of Edessa the previous year. Read more…
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The Albigensian Crusade, 1209 – 1229
The Albigensian Crusade, also known as the Cathar Crusade, was a 20-year military campaign initiated by the Roman Catholic Church to eliminate the heresy of the Cathars of Languedoc. Read more…
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The Children's Crusade of 1212
The Children's Crusade is the name given to a variety of fictional and factual events in 1212 that combine some or all of these elements: visions by a French and/or German boy, an intention to peacefully convert Muslims to Christianity, bands of children marching to Italy, and children being sold into slavery. Read more…
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The Sixth Crusade, 1228
The Sixth Crusade started in 1228 as an attempt to reconquer Jerusalem. It began only seven years after the failure of the Fifth Crusade. Read more…
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The Eighth Crusade, 1270
The Eighth Crusade was a crusade launched by Louis IX, King of France, in 1270 in response to the Mamluk sultan Baibars who had been attacking the remnant of the Crusader states. Read more…
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The Ninth Crusade, 1271 – 1272
The Ninth Crusade is commonly considered to be the last of the medieval Crusades to the Holy Land. The failure of Louis IX to capture Tunis in the Eighth Crusade led Prince Edward of England to sail to Acre. Read more…
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The Swedish Crusades
The Swedish Crusades resulted in the conquest of Finland in the Middle Ages has traditionally been divided into three crusades: the First Swedish Crusade around 1155 AD, the Second Swedish Crusade about 1249 AD and the Third Swedish Crusade in 1293 AD. Read more…
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The Northern Crusades
The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the Catholic kings of Denmark and Sweden, the German Livonian and Teutonic military orders, and their allies against the pagan peoples of Northern Europe around the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. Read more…
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The Crusade against the Tartars
In 1259 Mongols led by Burundai and Nogai Khan ravaged the principality of Halych-Volynia, Lithuania and Poland. After that Pope Alexander IV tried without success to create a Crusade against the Tartars. Read more…
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The Aragonese Crusade, 1284 – 1285
The Aragonese Crusade, also known as the Crusade of Aragón, a part of the larger War of the Sicilian Vespers, was declared by Pope Martin IV against the King of Aragón, Peter III the Great. Read more…
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The Alexandrian Crusade of 1365
The brief Alexandrian Crusade occurred in October of 1365 and was led by Peter I of Cyprus against Alexandria. Almost completely devoid of religious impetus, it differs from the more prominent Crusades in that it seems to have been motivated entirely by economic interests. Read more…
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The Crusade of Nicopolis, 1396
The Crusade of Nicopolis took place on September 25, 1396, between the Ottoman Empire versus an allied force from Hungary, the Holy Roman Empire, France, Wallachia, Poland, the Kingdom of England, the Kingdom of Scotland, the Old Swiss Confederacy, the Republic of Venice, the Republic of Genoa and the Knights of St. John near the Danubian fortress of Nicopolis. Read more…
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The Crusade of Varna, 1443 – 1444
The Crusade of Varna was a string of events in 1443–44 between the Kingdom of Hungary, the Serbian Despotate, and the Ottoman Empire. It culminated in a devastating Hungarian loss at the Battle of Varna on November 10, 1444. Read more…
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The Crusade of 1456
The Crusade of 1456 was organized to lift the Siege of Belgrade, and was led by John Hunyadi and Giovanni da Capistrano. Read more…
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